AI applications can guide clinicians to make better decisions and perform better, because the results obtained from AI are highly accurate and therefore, in some cases, can prevent human errors. Nevertheless, AI can be useful when making specific clinical decisions in a limited time. However, the addition of this AI-based knowledge does not change the fact that the health professionals, with their own knowledge gained through specialized education and years of experience, are the ones that ultimately have to diagnose and determine the best treatment plan. This knowledge is fundamental for predicting treatment prognosis. To make the diagnostic process more accurate and efficient, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in orthodontics has grown significantly in recent years. The arrival of new and more aesthetic options in orthodontic treatment, the transition to the fully digital workflow, the emergence of temporary anchorage devices and new imaging methods all work to provide both patients and professionals with a new focus in orthodontic care. The last decades have witnessed enormous changes in our profession. AI technology can also improve the diagnostic accuracy for orthodontic treatments, thereby helping the orthodontist work more accurately and efficiently. In the growth and development research area, the Cervical Vertebral Maturation stage can be determined using an Artificial Neural Network model and obtain the same results as expert human observers. The analysed studies demonstrated that Convolution Neural Networks can be used for the automatic detection of anatomical reference points on radiological images. Finally, the application of the inclusion criteria resulted in 17 eligible publications in the qualitative synthesis review. The electronic literature search initially returned 311 records, and 115 after removing duplicate references. No additional manual searches were performed. The electronic literature search was performed through MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane and IEEE Xplore databases with a 11-year time restriction: January 2010 till March 2021. This review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The arrival of new and more aesthetic options in orthodontic treatment, the transition to a fully digital workflow, the emergence of temporary anchorage devices and new imaging methods all provide both patients and professionals with a new focus in orthodontic care. Recent decades have witnessed enormous changes in our profession. This scoping review aims to determine the applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that are extensively employed in the field of Orthodontics, to evaluate its benefits, and to discuss its potential implications in this speciality.
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